He aha ka laha o ka ʻano Omicron?

He aha ka laha o ka ʻano Omicron? Pehea e pili ana i ke kamaʻilio? I ke alo o ka ʻano hou o COVID-19, he aha ka mea e nānā ai ka lehulehu i kā lākou hana i kēlā me kēia lā? E ʻike i ka pane a ka National Health Commission no nā kikoʻī

Nīnau: He aha ka ʻike a me ka laha ʻana o nā ʻano ʻano Omicron?
A: Ma Nowemapa 9, 2021, ua ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano like ʻole o COVID-19 B.1.1.529 no ka manawa mua ma ʻApelika Hema. I loko o ʻelua pule wale nō, ua lilo ka mutant i ka mutant mana nui o nā hihia maʻi lei aliʻi hou ma Gauteng Province, South Africa, me ka ulu wikiwiki. Ma Nowemapa 26, nāna i wehewehe ʻo ia ka lima o ka "variant of concern" (VOC), i kapa ʻia ka leka Helene ʻo Omicron variant. Ma ka lā 28 o Nowemapa, ua nānā ʻo ʻApelika Hema, Israel, Belgium, Italia, Beretania, Austria a me Hong Kong, Kina i ke komo ʻana o ka mutant. ʻAʻole i loaʻa ka hoʻokomo o ka mutant ma nā panalāʻau a me nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe ma Kina. Ua ʻike mua ʻia ka ʻOmicron mutant a hōʻike ʻia ma ʻApelika Hema, akā ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo ua ulu ka maʻi ma ʻApelika Hema, a ʻo ka wahi i ʻike ʻia ai ka mutant ʻaʻole ia kahi i kumu.

Nīnau: He aha nā kumu kūpono o ka puka ʻana o Omicron mutant?

A: Wahi a ka ʻike i hōʻike ʻia e COVID-19 database GISAID, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka nui o nā pūnaewele mutation o nā ʻano like ʻole o COVID-19 ma mua o nā ʻano like ʻole COVID-19 i nā makahiki 2 i hala iho nei, ʻoi aku ma Spike. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻekolu mau kumu:
(1) ma hope o ka maʻi me COVID-19, ua ʻike ka poʻe maʻi maʻi ʻole i ka wā lōʻihi a hōʻiliʻili i ka nui o nā mutations i ke kino.
(2) ʻO ka maʻi o COVID-19 i kekahi pūʻulu holoholona ua loaʻa i ka adaptive evolution i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka heluna holoholona, ​​​​me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mutation ma mua o nā kānaka, a laila e kahe ana i nā kānaka.
(3) ua lōʻihi ka mutation i ka genome COVID-19 i nā ʻāina hope a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāina. Ma muli o ka nele o ka nānā ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi waena waena.

Nīnau: He aha ka hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia o ka ʻano Omicron?
A: I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe ʻikepili noiʻi ʻōnaehana e pili ana i ka transmissibility, pathogenicity a me ka hiki ke pakele o Omicron mutant i ka honua. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa i ka Omicron mutant nā pūnaewele hoʻololi amino acid koʻikoʻi o alpha (alpha), beta (beta), gamma (gamma) a me delta (delta) spike protein o nā mutant VOC mua ʻehā, me nā pūnaewele mutation e hoʻonui ai i ka pili o ka mea hoʻokipa cell a me ka maʻi. hiki ke hana hou. Hōʻike ka ʻikepili epidemiological a me ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻikepili i ka nui o nā hihia i loaʻa i ka mutant Omicron ma ʻApelika Hema ua piʻi nui a hoʻololi i ka delta mutant. Pono ka hiki ke hoʻouna i ka nānā hou a me ka noiʻi.

Nīnau: Pehea ka hopena o ka ʻokoʻa Omicron i nā kano a me nā lāʻau antibody?
A: Hōʻike nā haʻawina inā loaʻa nā hoʻololi K417N, E484A a i ʻole N501Y i loko o ka protein COVID-19 S, e hoʻonui ʻia ka hiki ke pakele. Aia kahi hoʻololi ʻekolu o "k417n + e484a + n501y" ma Omicron mutant; Eia kekahi, nui nā hoʻololi ʻē aʻe e hōʻemi i ka hana neutralizing o kekahi mau antibodies monoclonal. Hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka hopena pale o kekahi mau lāʻau antibody ma Omicron mutant, a pono e nānā hou ʻia ka hiki ʻana o ka pale ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kēia manawa.

Nīnau: Hoʻopilikia anei ʻo Omicron mutant i nā reagents ʻike nucleic acid i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa ma Kina?
A: Hōʻike ka loiloi genomic o Omicron mutant ʻaʻole i pili kona kahua mutation i ka naʻau a me ka kikoʻī o nā reagents ʻike wai nucleic mainstream ma Kina. ʻO nā pae hoʻololi o ka mutation ka mea nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka ʻāpana ʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe o ka S protein gene, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka wahi mua a me ka ʻimi noiʻi o ka nucleic acid detection reagent i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ka paʻi 8 o New Coronavirus pneumonia prevention and control program (ka ORF1ab. gene a me N gene i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka maʻi maʻi maʻi CDC o Kina i ka honua). Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻikepili mai kekahi mau keʻena hana ma ʻApelika Hema e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole hiki i ka nucleic acid detection reagent me ka pahuhopu ʻike o S gene ke ʻike pono i ka S gene o Omicron mutant.

Nīnau: He aha nā hana i lawe ʻia e nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāina kūpono?
A: I ka ʻike ʻana i ke ʻano maʻi maʻi wikiwiki o Omicron mutant ma ʻApelika Hema, nui nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāpana, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Rūsia, Israel, Taiwan a me Hong Kong, ua kāohi i ke komo ʻana o nā mākaʻikaʻi mai. hema o Aferika.

Nīnau: He aha nā mea kū'ē a Kina?
A: ʻO ka hoʻolālā pale a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana o "ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka pale o waho a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka pale kūloko" ma Kina ka mea maikaʻi loa no Omicron mutant. Ua hoʻokumu ka Institute of viral maʻi o ka Chinese Center for Disease Control and prevention i kahi ala ʻike nucleic acid no ka Omicron mutant, a ke hoʻomau nei i ka mālama ʻana i ka genome virus no nā hihia komo. ʻO nā hana i luna nei e kūpono i ka ʻike ʻana i nā mutants Omicron i hiki ke lawe ʻia i Kina.

Nīnau: He aha nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o ka mea e hana me ka ʻano Omicron?
A: Manaʻo ʻo WHO i nā ʻāina āpau e hoʻoikaika i ka nānā ʻana o COVID-19, ka hōʻike ʻana a me ka noiʻi ʻana, a e hana i nā hana olakino olakino maikaʻi e hoʻōki i ka lawe ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi. Manaʻo ʻia e hana nā kānaka i nā hana pale ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi, me ka mālama ʻana i kahi mamao ma kahi o 1m ma nā wahi ākea, e hoʻohana ana i nā masks, e wehe ana i nā puka makani no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, mālama i nā lima maʻemaʻe, ka ʻū ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻū ʻana ma nā kuʻekuʻe a me nā kāwele pepa, ka pale ʻana, etc. ka pale ʻana i ka hele ʻana i nā wahi ʻino ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​​​hui kanaka. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mutants VOC ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole maopopo inā ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka transmissibility, pathogenicity a me ka hiki ʻole o ka pale ʻana o Omicron mutants. Loaʻa nā hopena mua i nā pule e hiki mai ana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia hiki ke alakaʻi i nā ʻano like ʻole a pau i ka maʻi koʻikoʻi a i ʻole ka make, no laila ʻo ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka maʻi virus ke kī mau. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau lei aliʻi hou e hoʻemi i ka maʻi nui a me ka make.

Nīnau: Ma ke alo o ka ʻano hou o COVID-19, he aha ka mea e nānā ai ka lehulehu i kā lākou hana i kēlā me kēia lā?
A:(1) He ala maikaʻi loa ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mask no ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi, a pili pū nō hoʻi i ka ʻano Omicron. ʻOiai inā ua hoʻopau ʻia ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka booster injection, pono nō hoʻi e ʻaʻahu i nā masks ma nā wahi ākea o loko, nā halihali lehulehu a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Eia hou, holoi lima pinepine a hana maikaʻi i ka ea o loko. (2) Hana maikaʻi i ka nānā ʻana i ke olakino pilikino. I ka hihia o ka maʻi maʻi pneumonia coronavirus hou e like me ke kuni, ka ʻū, ka hanu ʻana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e nānā pono i ka mahana o ke kino a me ka mālama ikaika. (3) E ho'ēmi i ke komo 'ana a me ka puka 'ana. I loko o nā lā liʻiliʻi, nui nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāina i hōʻike i ka lawe ʻana mai o Omicron mutant. Ke kū nei ʻo Kina i ka pilikia o ka lawe ʻia ʻana mai o kēia mutant, a ua kaupalena ʻia ka ʻike honua o kēia mutant. No laila, pono e hoʻemi ʻia ka huakaʻi i nā wahi pilikia nui, pono e hoʻoikaika ʻia ka pale pilikino i ka wā o ka huakaʻi, a e hoʻemi ʻia ka manawa o ka maʻi me Omicron mutant.